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In computing, a spell checker (or spell check) is an application program that flags words in a document that may not be spelled correctly. Spell checkers may be stand-alone, capable of operating on a block of text, or as part of a larger application, such as a word processor, email client, electronic dictionary, or search engine. ==Design== A basic spell checker carries out the following processes: * It scans the text and extracts the words contained in it * It then compares each word with a known list of correctly spelled words (i.e. a dictionary). This might contain just a list of words, or it might also contain additional information, such as hyphenation points or lexical and grammatical attributes. * An additional step is a language-dependent algorithm for handling morphology. Even for a lightly inflected language like English, the spell-checker will need to consider different forms of the same word, such as plurals, verbal forms, contractions, and possessives. For many other languages, such as those featuring agglutination and more complex declension and conjugation, this part of the process is more complicated. It is unclear whether morphological analysis—allowing for many different forms of a word depending on its grammatical role—provides a significant benefit for English, though its benefits for highly synthetic languages such as German, Hungarian or Turkish are clear. As an adjunct to these components, the program's user interface will allow users to approve or reject replacements and modify the program's operation. An alternative type of spell checker uses solely statistical information, such as n-grams, to recognize errors instead of correctly-spelled words. This approach usually requires a lot of effort to obtain sufficient statistical information. Key advantages include needing less runtime storage and the ability to correct errors in words that are not included in a dictionary.〔U.S. Patent 6618697, Method for rule-based correction of spelling and grammar errors〕 In some cases spell checkers use a fixed list of misspellings and suggestions for those misspellings; this less flexible approach is often used in paper-based correction methods, such as the ''see also'' entries of encyclopedias. Clustering algorithms have also been used for spell checking〔de Amorim, R.C.; Zampieri, M. (2013) (Effective Spell Checking Methods Using Clustering Algorithms. ) Proceedings of Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP2013). Hissar, Bulgaria. p. 172-178.〕 combined with phonetic information.〔Zampieri, M.; de Amorim, R.C. (2014) (Between Sound and Spelling: Combining Phonetics and Clustering Algorithms to Improve Target Word Recovery. ) Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (PolTAL). Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). Springer. p. 438-449.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「spell checker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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